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To establish a method for simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), specific primers and TaqMan probes were designed after sequence alignment according to the specific sequences of PCV2 Cap gene and PCV3 Cap gene on GenBank. By optimizing the reaction conditions, a duplex fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method for simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and 3 was established, and the specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility were tested. Specificity test results showed that in addition to the positive test results for PCV2 and PCV3, tests for PRRSV, CSFV, PPV, PRV, PEDV, and TGEV were all negative with no cross-reaction, indicating its good specificity. Sensitivity test results showed that the minimum detection limit for detection of PCV2 and PCV3 can both reach 10 copies.L-1, indicating its high sensitivity. The coefficient of variation within and between groups of this method was less than 2%, indicating its good stability. A total of 181 pork and whole blood samples collected from Zhejiang Province were tested using the detection method established in this article and the standard common fluorescent PCR detection method. The results showed that the positive rate of PCV2 was 50.83% (92/181), the positive rate of PCV3 was 37.57% (68/181), and the co-infection rate of PCV2 and PCV3 was 12.15% (22/181). The above detection results of ordinary fluorescent PCR were 50.28% (91/181), 36.46% (66/181), and the co-infection rate was 11.60% (21/181). The coincidence rates of the two methods for PCV2 and PCV3 can reach 98.91% and 97.06%, and the coincidence rate for PCV2 and PCV3 mixed infection were 95.45%. In summary, the duplex fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method established in this experiment can distinguish PCV2 and PCV3 rapidly, which can be used for pathogen detection and epidemiological investigation.
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Herpes zoster is a cluster blister disease that often occurs on the skin of the elderly, immunocompromised individuals and patients with chronic diseases, which is caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus dormant in neurons. The persistent pain of herpes zoster tortures patients and is responsible for serious mental and economic burden. With no effective drug treatment for patients, vaccination becomes more important in disease prevention. Now live attenuated vaccine and recombinant protein vaccine with adjuvant are clinically available abroad. Based on the clinical data, recombinant protein vaccine with adjuvant is the preferred one recommended by CDC.In China, many enterprises perform clinical studies on the two vaccines. However, due to the limitation of adjuvant supply, recombinant protein vaccines have not been widely provided. With the global pandemic of COVID-19, mRNA vaccine becomes a hotspot worldwide. Domestic biological enterprises should actively develop new herpes zoster vaccine to fill the vaccine vacancies in China and to enhance market competitiveness. This article briefly reviews the research progress and development of herpes zoster vaccine in various vaccine platforms.
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In the Chinese city of Wuhan at the end of 2019, an infection by an unknown virus began, which with subsequent studies was called SARS-CoV-2, causing a pandemic that has generated the largest crisis worldwide in recent years, causing a large number of deaths, with multiple systemic manifestations but which has also had clinical pictures at the skin level;recently there have been reports of people who had COVID-19 infections and later had skin manifestations due to herpes virus as a co-infection;the most frequent were herpes simplex type 1-2, varicella zoster, herpes zoster and herpes virus 6-7, generating even more complications in patients. Although the pathogenesis of this association is not entirely clear, it is believed to be secondary to the state of immunosuppression induced by SARS-CoV-2, being important that health personnel are informed about this entity that increases mortality.
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This paper describes the clinical signs and use of differential laboratory diagnostic techniques (computed tomography, cytology, histopathology, antigen/antibody detection and polymerase chain reaction) for infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic) and non-infectious (inflammatory/immune mediated, neoplastic, cardiac, malformation, foreign body, smoke inhalation, aspiration of caustic material, non-cardiogenic, pulmonary oedema, traumativ, pneumothorax, pulmonary contusions and idiopathic) causes of respiratory diseases in cats and dogs in Ontario, Canada.
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The Indian poultry market is estimated to have an annual growth rate of 8.1% as of today. However, infectious diseases in poultry pose an important constraint in the growth and development of this sector in our region. Among infectious diseases, viral diseases of poultry pose a serious threat to the poultry industry from an economic point of view. Several viral disease outbreaks have been reported by various researchers from different parts of the country. Among the common viral diseases of poultry, incidences of Newcastle disease, Avian Influenza, Fowl Pox, Infectious Bursal Disease, Marek's disease, Infectious Bronchitis, Infectious Laryngotracheitis and Inclusion Body Hepatitis are significant in Assam as well as other parts of India. Thorough epidemiological studies followed by the identification of different serotypes, pathotypes, strains, etc. by genotyping and molecular characterization of viral disease pathogens may lead to ways to control and eradicate the diseases. Importance should be given to maintaining basic preventive measures like biosecurity, farm hygiene, and proper vaccination. In a developing country like India, disease outbreaks can impact the country's economy. In this study, a brief view of the common viral disease of poultry and its diagnosis and control strategies in Assam, India is depicted. However, this review well indicates a plethora of avian diseases that have occurred over the years causing a severe impact on poultry farming as a whole.
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Objective: To elucidate the mechanism of interferon gene stimulating factor (STING) in the anti-pathogenic microbial infection of pigs, so as to further provide a reference for the scientific prevention and control of viral diseases such as porcine transmissible gastroenteritis, epidemic diarrhea and porcine pseudorabies. Method: High-scored targets were found in exons 4 and 8 of STING gene and corresponding sgRNA sequences were designed based on CRISPR/ Cas9 technology. The annealed sgRNAs were linked with the enzyme digested LentiCRISPRV2 carrier with T4 DNA ligase to obtain LentiCRISPRV2-STING-sgRNA lentivirus carrier(STING-sgRNA);Different combinations of STING sgRNA lentivirus carriers, packaging plasmid psPAX2 and envelope plasmid pMD2.G were transfected into 293T cells to obtain lentivirus containing sgRNA and then transduced into 3D4/21 cells. Monoclonal cell lines were obtained by puromycin screening and limited dilution method. The knockout efficiencies of the STING gene were identified by PCR amplification, Sequencing and Western blotting;The effect of STING gene knockout on the expression of type I interferon was verified by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Result: When 293T cells were transfected with different combinations of STING-sgRNA lentivirus carrier and HA-STING over expression vector, the editing effect of STING eukaryotic expression carrier could be detected in cells, and the combination of STING-sgRNA(1+5)lentivirus carrier showed the supreme editing efficiency. Thus, the STING-sgRNA(1+5)lentivirus carrier combined with the packaging plasmid psPAX2 and the envelope plasmid pMD2.G were transfected 293T cells to package lentivirus, and then infected 3D4/21 cells with lentivirus. The results showed that a 3D4/21 cell line with a large deletion of the STING gene(4989 bp)was obtained. The STING protein was not observed by Western blotting, indicating that the STING gene knockout 3D4/21 cells(3D4/ 21-STING-/-)were successfully constructed. The transcription level of IFN-beta in 3D4/21-STING-/- cells decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with parental cells when stimulated by transfection of Haemophilusparasuis DNA. Conclusion : By applying CRISPR/Cas9 technology, STING gene is successfully knock out in 3D4/21 cells, resulting in loss of function of STING gene;STING knockout leads to the transcription disorder of type I interferon when cells are stimulated by DNA, which also suggests that STING gene may be a key factor in the anti-pathogenic microbial infection of pigs.
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In order to build a specific, sensitive and rapid detection method for PAstV3 detection, the PAstVB gene sequences in Genbank were used and the conserved region in ORFlb was selected to design specific primers and TaqMan probe. Clinical stool samples were collected and preliminary detected by this newly established real-time RT-PCR method after reaction systems and conditions optimization. This detection method established in this study has a good linear relationship with the standard curve, with R2 value up to 0.9971. The sensitivity is 100 times higher than conventional PCR method, The variation co-efficient of in-batch and inter-batch repeatability test is less than 2.0%, indicating good repeatability. The detection results of Clinical samples showed that the positive rate of this method is higher than conventional PCR method. The establishment of this method provides a rapid detection means for PAstV3 laboratory diagnosis and epidemiological investigation.
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To establish a J2-KD (knockdown) cell line stably expressing interfered IFITM1 and study the effect of interference with IFITMI gene on the infection of PCV2, PRV and TGEV. Gene cloning tech- niques were used to constructed pLKO. l-EGFP-Puro-IFITMI recombinant vector, which was co-transfected into 293 FT cells with lentiviral packaging plasmids psPAXZ and pMDZ. G to produce green fluorescent protein labeled lentiviruses expression IFITMlshRNA, the viral supernatant was collected at 48 hours after post transfection. J2 cells were infected with the harvested lentiviruses, screened by puromycin and cloned via cell limited dilution. Real-time PCR identify that the cell lines with stable interference with IFITMl gene were obtained, and via MTT method verify that interference with IFITMI expression had no effect on the growth of J2 cells, the successfully constructed J2 stable cell line interfere with IFITMl expression was named as JZ-KD. PRV, PCV2 and TGEV infected J2-KD cells, respectively. Using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detect virus replication. The results showed that J2-KD cell line was successfully generated with interfered IFITMl expression;the copy number of PCV2 and TGEV were in- creased, while PRV was decreased in J'Z-KD cell. Indicating that the interference of IFITMI gene expression markedly inhibited the replication of PRV while promoted that. of TGEV and PCV2, providing a basis for further study on the function of porcine IFITMI protein and elucidates its antiviral mechanism.
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The infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 may result in a series of skin damages. In addition, some patients report the re-activation of the varicella-zoster virus, which might be related to T cell immune dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, studies reported herpes zoster occurrence after inoculating the COVID-19 vaccine. At present, the mechanism of interaction between COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccine and herpes zoster remains unclear, and more high-quality studies are required to further define the relationship.
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"Fuzheng Quxie" is an important theory of TCM related to prevention and cure of diseases. By enhancing the body immunity, Ganoderma (Lingzhi) indirectly inhibits the virus invasion, proliferation and destruction in the human body ("Fuzheng" means strengthening and consolidating body resistance). It can also directly inhibit and kill viruses ("Quxie" means dispelling evil). Lingzhi and its active components have antiviral effects on influenza virus, herpes virus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Newcastle disease virus, dengue virus and enterovirus. Lingzhi preparations alone or with antiviral drugs can treat hepatitis B, herpes zoster, recurrent genital herpes, condyloma acuminatum, infectious mononucleosis of children, cervical papillomavirus infection and AIDS. In addition, the possibility of preventing and treating COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) with Lingzhi was discussed.
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Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the associated epidemics in Tongzhou district of Beijing from 2015 to 2020, identify the risk factors and provide scientific basis for the early warning, prevention and control of infectious disease epidemics.
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Objective: Increased anxiety among individuals following the declaration of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, changes in social life, and dermatological eruptions caused or triggered by the COVID-19 infection have altered the incidence of dermatological diseases. To determine the impact of the pandemic, this study evaluated changes in the frequency, profile, and diagnostic spectrum of dermatology patients during the pandemic compared to the previous year. Materials and Methods: This study compared a 6-month period from March 2020, when the first COVID-19 case was reported in Turkey, to September 2020, with the same period in 2019. Age, sex, diagnosis groups, and diagnoses were recorded and compared with the previous year.
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Aim: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a double stranded DNA virus from herpes virus family. Only infection source is human and it is very contagious. With this case we want to mention about atypical presentation of zona and it should be kept in mind as differential diagnosis for atypically located vesicular lesions. Case: 50 years old healthcare worker female patient presented to emergency service with parestesia and coldness of one leg followed by vesicular lesions. Predisposing factors are chronic disease, immunocompromising disease, age more than 60 but for our patient no predisposing factors observed. The COVID Pandemic has brought with it other additional health problems.